INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS History Modern India
Q.

Which of the following factors became the basis for the economic critique of colonialism by early nationalists?

1. Ruin of traditional handicraft

2. Home charges

3. Manner of development of Railways

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Explanation:
  • Indian intellectuals of the first half of the 19th century had adopted a positive attitude towards British rule in the hope that Britain would help modernize India. The process of disillusionment set in gradually after 1860 Leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji, Justice M G Ranade and R C Dutta propounded the drain theory associated with the colonial rule.

The early leaders highlighted the following issues due to colonial rule:

  • progressive decline and ruin of India’s traditional handicrafts.
  • railways had not been coordinated with India's industrial needs.
  • saw foreign capital as an unmitigated evil which exploited and impoverished India.
  • criticized the colonial pattern of finance. Taxes were so raised, they averred, as to overburden the poor while letting the rich, especially the foreign capitalists and bureaucrats, go scot-free.
  • On the expenditure side, they pointed out that the emphasis was on serving Britain‘s imperial needs while the developmental and welfare departments were starved.
  • The nationalist leaders pointed out that a large part of India‘s capital and wealth was drained to Britain in the form of salaries and pensions of British civil and military officials working in India known as home charges.

Thus, Option D is Correct.

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