INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS History Modern India
Q.

Consider the following statements in the context of 'Arya Samaj':

1. It aimed at revival of Hinduism.

2. It upheld the superiority of men over women.

3. It started Shuddhi movement to reconvert to the Hindu folds the converts to Christianity and Islam.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Explanation:

The reform movements can be broadly be classified in two categories.

  • Reformist movements like the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj, the Aligarh movement, and the revivalist movements like Arya Samaj and the Deoband movement. Both the reformist and revivalist movements depended, with varying degrees, on an appeal to the lost, purity of the religion they sought to reform. The only difference between one reform movement and the other lay in the degree to which it relied on tradition or on reason and conscience.
  • Arya Samaj was founded in Bombay by Dayanand Saraswati . It was a Revivalist movement and the main principles and objectives of the Arya Samaj are as follows: Believed in infallibility of Vedas and considers them to be the only truth and source of all knowledge. Believed that post-vedic texts such as Puranas were responsible for pollution of Vedic religion. Opposed idol-worship and reincarnation theory of God but accepted the doctrine of Karma‘ and transmigration of soul.
  • Dayanand also rejected the theory of destiny / fate. Believed in one God who has no physical existence. Rejected the Brahmanical dominance of spiritual and social life of Hindus. Denounced the claim of Brahmins as intermediaries between man and God. Supported Four Varna System but the Varna system should be based on merit not birth. Advocated equal status for women in the society.
  • The Arya Samajists started Shuddhi (purification) and Sangathan movements.

Thus, Option A is Correct.

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