INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS Economy Economic Concepts
Q.

With reference to a normal Union Budget, consider the following types of deficits:

1. Fiscal Deficit.

2. Revenue Deficit.

3. Effective Revenue Deficit.

4. Primary Deficit.

Arrange the types of deficits mentioned above in decreasing order and select the correct answer using codes given below:

Explanation:

ANSWER: (A) 

Fiscal Deficit (FD) is the difference between the Revenue Receipts plus Non-Debt Capital Receipts (NDCR) and the total expenditure.

  • FD is reflective of the total borrowing requirement of Government. 
  • Revenue Deficit refers to the excess of revenue expenditure over revenue receipts. 
  • Effective Revenue Deficit is the difference between Revenue Deficit and Grants for Creation of Capital Assets. 
  • Primary Deficit is measured as Fiscal Deficit less interest payments. 
  • The decreasing order of the deficits is generally like:
  • Fiscal Deficit 
  • Revenue Deficit 
  • Effective Revenue Deficit 
  • Primary Deficit

Q.

Consider the following statements:

1. The demand for every good in the market has a direct relationship with increase or decrease in its price.

2. Price elasticity is a measure of the change in demand of product/service in response to changes in income of consumers.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Explanation:

ANSWER: (B)

  • Statement 1 is not correct.

The demand for goods moves in the opposite direction of its price. But the impact of the price change is always not the same. Sometimes, the demand for goods changes considerably even for small price changes. On the other hand, there are some goods for which the demand is not affected much by price changes. 

  • Statement 2 is correct.

Demands for some goods are very responsive to price changes while demands for certain others are not so responsive to price changes. Price elasticity of demand is a measure of the responsiveness of the demand for a good to changes in its price. Price elasticity of demand for a good is defined as the percentage change in demand for the good divided by the percentage change in its price. 

Price elasticity refers to the degree to which individuals, consumers, or producers change their demand or the amount supplied in response to price or income changes. It is predominantly used to assess the change in consumer demand as a result of a change in a good or service's price.

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