Explanation:
Wood's Dispatch (1854) - Charles Wood was a British Liberal politician and Member of Parliament who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer and later he became the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company. In 1854 he sent the ―Wood‘s despatch‖ to the Governor General Lord Dalhousie. As per this despatch: An education department was to be set in every province. Universities on the model of the London University be established in big cities such as Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. Later more universities were opened in Punjab in 1882 and at Allahabad 1887. At least one government school be opened in every district. Affiliated private schools should be given grant in aid. The Indian natives should be given training in their mother tongue also. Wood‘s Despatch is called Magnacarta of English Education in India.
Lord Macaulay's Minute (1835) - This famous minute envisaged that the limited government resources were to be devoted to teaching of western sciences and literature through the medium of English language alone. Lord Macaulay held the view that "Indian learning was inferior to European learning"-which was true as far as physical and social sciences in the contemporary stage were concerned.The Government soon made English as the medium of instruction in its schools and colleges and opened a few English schools and colleges instead of a large number of elementary schools, thus neglecting mass education. The British planned to educate a small section of upper and middle classes, thus creating a class "Indian in blood and colour but English in tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect" who would act as interpreters between the Government and masses and would enrich the vernaculars by which knowledge of western sciences and literature would reach the masses. This was called the 'downward filtration theory'.
- The Aitchison Commission (Public Service Commission) was set up in 1886 under the chairmanship of Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison to come up with a scheme for fulfilling the claims of Indians to higher and more extensive employment in public service.
Saddler commission (1917) : The major objective of this commission was to free the universities from the burden of the secondary education, so that they can wholly focus on the Higher education. This resulted in the creation of Board of secondary education in the Provinces; United Province was the first to have such board. The secondary education was separated from the University education and admission to the university was upgraded from metric level to intermediate level. the saddler commision also recommended the use of mother tongue as a medium of instruction in the intermediate colleges. Education was made a ―provincial subject‖. It also recommended for the creation of Inter University Board for coordination among the universities.
Thus, Option B is Correct.
