INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS History Modern India
Q.

With reference to Champaran Satyagraha, consider the following statements:

1. It was during this movement that Gandhiji formulated the policy of Satyagraha.

2. At Champaran, the cultivators were forced to cultivate under the tinkathia system.

3. Rajendra Prasad and J.B. Kriplani participated in this satyagraha.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect. Gandhi evolved the technique of satyagraha during his stay in South Africa. It was based on truth and non violence. Its basic tenets are:

  • A satyagrahi was not to submit to what he considered as wrong, but was to always remain truthful, non- violent and fearless.
  • He should be ready to accept suffering in his struggle against the evil doer. This suffering was to be a part of his love for truth.
  • Even while carrying out his struggle against the evil doer, a true satyagrahi would love the evil-doer; hatred would be alien to his nature.
  • A true satyagrahi would never bow before the evil, whatever the consequence.
  • Only the brave and strong could practise satyagraha, which was not for the weak and cowards. Even violence was preferred to cowardice. Thought was never to be separated from practice.

Statement 2 is correct. Gandhiji was requested by Rajkumar Shukla to look into the problems of the indigo planters, of Champaran in Bihar. The European planters had been forcing peasants to grow indigo on 3/20 of the total land (called tinkathia system). When Gandhiji reached Champaran to probe into the matter, the authorities ordered him to leave the area at once. Gandhiji defied the order and preferred to face the punishment. This passive resistance or civil disobedience of an unjust order was a novel method at that time. Statement 3 is correct. Gandhiji was joined by Rajendra Prasad, Mazhar-ul-haq, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parekh, J. B. Kriplani in the movement.

Thus, Option C is Correct.

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