INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS History Modern India
Q.

With reference to the position of 'Peshwa' in the Maratha kingdom, consider the following statements:

1. It was created as a hereditary position equivalent to modern day prime minister.

2. The peshwa was ranked in order below the Chatrapati or the king.

3. Shivaji was the first peshwa of the Maratha empire.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: A Peshwa was the equivalent of a modern Prime Minister in the Maratha Empire. The position was originally not created to be hereditary however, under the Chitpavan Brahmin Bhat family, the Peshwas became the de facto hereditary administrators of the Confederacy. The Peshwa's office was most powerful under Baji Rao I.

Statement 2 is correct: Originally, the Peshwas served as subordinates to the Chatrapati (the Maratha king), but later, they became the de facto leaders of the Marathas, and the Chatrapati was reduced to a nominal ruler. However, they continued be ranked below the Chatrapati in the Maratha Kingdom.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Shivaji Maharaj was the Maratha king or Chatrapati. After coronation of Shivaji Maharaj in 1674, he appointed Moropant Trimbak Pingle as the first Peshwa.

Thus, Option B is Correct.

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