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GS History Modern India
Q.

With reference to Tana Bhagat movement (1912-14), consider the following statements:

1. It was a tribal movement which emerged among the Mundas and Oraons of Chottanagpur region of Bihar.

2. It was characterized by a large scale incorporation of Hindu practices into its ideology.

3. It gradually got linked with the freedom struggle as the tribals were followers of Gandhian ideology.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
Explanation:

All the statements are correct.

  • The tana Bhagat movement emerged among the Mundas and Oraons of Chottanagpur region of Bihar (1912-14) under the leadership of tribal mendicants known as Bhagat. It is after them that the movement is known as Tana Bhagat. There were numerous Tana Bhagat movements which began initially as Sanskritization movements to revive the original religion of the Oraons.
  • In the Tana Bhagat movement an attempt was made to emulate the way of life of the Hindu higher castes. The tribals tried to raise the status of its members in the eyes of the surrounding Hindu society and was characterized by a large scale incorporation of Hindu belief-practices into its ideology. • After the launching of the Non- cooperation movement, the Gandhian nationalists took interest in starting constructive work among the tribals which led to the linking of these movements with the local grievances and ultimately to the national movement.
  • Initially these movements grew up with the appeal of Tana Bhagat asking their followers to give up meat and liquor. In the second stage the movement was transformed into a powerful movement for internal reforms and over throw of the British. In 1920 the Tana Bhagats came under the fever of nationalism when they took part in the freedom struggle by picketing against liquor shops, holding demonstrations, staging Satyagrahas etc. It was during this phase that the nationalist symbols like honouring the poster of Bharatmata bearing the Gandhian cap, honouring the Congress flag etc, became matters of religions faith for the followers of the Tana Bhagat movement. It was a unique movement where tribals participated directly to the flow of national movement and the anti-British sentiments were expressed by the tribal through various methods and symbols.

Thus, Option D is Correct.

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