INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS History Modern India
Q.

Which of the following can be attributed to the growth of Communalism at the end of 19th Century?

1. Growth of Militant Nationalism divided society on communal grounds.

2. Economic backwardness of the country also played a role in growth of communalism.

3. High unemployment among the educated led to appeal for reservation based on religion, caste and province to secure larger share in existing limited employment opportunities.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct: Militant Nationalism divided society on communal grounds. The minority communalism met with a reaction from the majority community which set up militant organizations like the Hindu Mahasabha (established in 1915) and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS— established in 1925). The resultant one-upmanship of different versions of communal tendencies was one factor which deterred any effective counter-offensive against communalism.

Statement 2 and 3 is correct: The professional classes and the bourgeoisie emerged later among the Muslims than among the Hindus. There was rivalry for jobs, trade and industry between the two communities. The Muslim bourgeoisie used all the lower middle classes of the Muslims against the Hindu bourgeoisie to further their class interests. Because of the economic backwardness of India and rampant unemployment, there was ample scope for the colonial government to use concessions, favours and reservations to fuel communal and separatist tendencies. Also, modern political consciousness was late in developing among the Muslims and the dominance of traditional reactionary elements over the Muslim masses helped a communal outlook to take root.

Thus, Option D is Correct.

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