INSIGHT UPSC QUIZ

GS History Modern India
Q.

Regarding the reforms in Land Revenue during the colonial period, consider the following statements

1. Through the Permanent Settlement, the zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of land if they paid the revenue.

2. Ryotwari settlement was introduced in Assam also.

3. The Mahalwari Settlement brought a class of middlemen between the government and the village community.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?

Explanation:

Statement 1 is correct. Through the Permanent Settlement, the zamindars of Bengal were recognized as the owners of the land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly. The ryots became tenants since they were considered the tillers of the soil.

Statement 2 is correct: The Ryotwari settlement was introduced mainly in Madras, Berar, Bombay and Assam. Sir Thomas Munro introduced this system in the Madras Presidency.

Statement 3 is incorrect: Under the Mahalwari system, the basic unit of revenue settlement was the village or the Mahal. As the village lands belonged jointly to the village community, the responsibility of paying the revenue rested with the entire Mahal or the village community. So the entire land of the village was measured at the time of fixing the revenue. Thus, the Mahalwari system eliminated middlemen between the government and the village community and brought about an improvement in irrigation facility, yet its benefit was largely enjoyed by the government.

Thus, Option A is Correct

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